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Chapter 776 Moisturizing things silently (Part 1)

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    Why does Silence attach so much importance to logic?

    Because any scientific research, whether it is natural science or social science, always obtains unknown knowledge on the basis of known knowledge.  How to correctly reveal the unknown from the known is the research category of logic.

    The birth of Aristotle¡¯s logic, on the one hand, was derived from the well-developed debate in ancient Greece, and on the other hand, it directly came from the most popular geometry at that time. His discussion on scientific proof was abstracted from the proof of geometry  , and because of this, Aristotle's logical deduction system is inherently mathematically rigorous and reliable.

    Using the logical system, any science, whether it is natural science or social science, can be regarded as a series of propositions-composed of a series of indisputably true statements.  And they can be divided into two parts: the first part is some self-evident basic propositions, that is, axioms, such as 'through two different points, one can only make a straight line'; the second part is some basic propositions based on axioms  Propositions derived from logical rules, that is, theorems, such as 'the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is equal to the sum of two right angles'.  It is necessary to use propositions derived from axioms and using logical rules.

    Therefore, logic is a discipline that studies how to derive theorems from axioms and science. Aristotle has obviously realized that this new discipline born out of geometry is a brand-new and rigorous new field, and has since devoted himself to  In order to perfect and establish a complete logic system, he scientifically expounded concepts and categories, judgments and propositions, proofs and fallacies, etc., and named his work "Tools", which means tools for demonstrating knowledge.

    He divided the demonstration of learning into two processes: "induction from the individual to the general" and "deduction from the general to the individual".  He affirmed the former, and believed that induction is persuasive and easy to learn and use; but he focused more on research and summary of deductive reasoning, and summarized the syllogism of reasoning. Simply put, "If A is B, and B  If it is C, then A is also C.  '

    The remarkable significance of this seemingly simple derivation process lies in the fact that summarizing the process of human thinking and reasoning into such abstract symbols makes it easier to study its internal regularity through rigorous logical reasoning;  The fallacies that occurred were analyzed and classified, and thirteen cases of fallacies were summarized, which is of great significance for teaching people to carry out rigorous thinking and reasoning.

    Because the conclusions drawn through logical reasoning are objective and testableit has an empirical basis and is independent of experience¡ªit is an objective truth that depends on axioms, inference rules, and theorems; and the truth of this truth is  Essence is also universally necessary, and what it reveals is the universal nature of things.

    For human society, the more important significance of Aristotle¡¯s logic is that it opens up a new way for us to know the truth that is different from epistemology, that is, we can also obtain the truth knowledge of the unknown field through logic,  This is undoubtedly a more objective, less controversial, easier to understand, and easier to inherit method of understanding, and it is also the basis for the establishment of a scientific system.

    As for the Chinese civilization, it is precisely because of the lack of logic that the whole society falls into ambiguity and sophistry. For example, as the saying goes, "a small amount is not a gentleman"; but the saying goes "no poison, no husband"!  Another example is the saying, "A good man has three gangs", but the saying goes, "It is better to rely on oneself than relying on others"; another example is the saying, "People go to high places", but the saying goes: "The heights are too cold"

    It's really two mouths, no matter what you say, it makes sense, and Shen Mo often jokes with people, saying that there are three people who must never believe it, namely "common sayings", "sages say", and "youdao is right", otherwise you will be at your own risk.  But what is reflected behind this is the sorrow of our entire nation's lack of logic. It is precisely because of the lack of logic that the right and wrong of this country are so vague.

    And we know that, regardless of social science or natural science, if we want to pursue the truth, we must be objective and rigorous, and eliminate all subjective interference, and we must not be sloppy!  This is why the Chinese civilization was doomed to decline 1,500 years ago¡ªby dismissing hundreds of schools of thought, Xunzi¡¯s materialism was killed, and objectivity was killed; Confucianism alone was buried, and Mozi¡¯s logic theory was buried.  rigorous!

    Without rigor and materialism, where is the soil for scientific growth?

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    An ironic fact is that Mozi had established a similar logical system decades before Aristotle.  In "Mozi", the "Mojing" composed of six expositions is different from other chapters. Its main content is not political ethics theory, but scientific definitions and theories, which can make people establish correct viewpoints through logical means  , reflectsp; Gui Youguang said three points. First, Xitai has a history similar to ours. From so many books, we know that their civilization is also very remarkable; second, the beef is undercooked and cut with a knife and fork.  First, I feel very uncomfortable; third, is Spain really that powerful?  Will it be a threat to Daming?

    Shen Mo heard the words and said lightly: "How can others snore on the side of the couch? Whoever dares to touch my Daming's fence, I will chop off his hand!" That tough determination surprised Gui Youguang and Zheng Ruozeng's eyes.

    Mo Mo saw it in his eyes, and said with a smile: "Mr. Kaiyang is interested in this matter, then do it with me."

    "You haven't convinced me yet" Zheng Ruozeng shook his head and laughed, "Could it be that you mean that the problem can be solved by translating that "Logic"? No matter how logical you are, the emperor will let you  You have no logic."

    "Of course not that," Shen Mo said with a faint smile, "Actually, the Translating Bureau has already translated a book, but everyone was ordered to keep silent."

    "What do you say?" Zheng Ruozeng and Gui Youguang asked.

    "Take it back and have a look." Shen Mo pushed a wooden box on the table in front of Zheng Ruozeng, which was delivered by Chen He himself before getting into the car¡ª¡ª

    Split¡ª¡ª

    It is really troublesome to explain those metaphysical things in a simple and clear way.
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