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Chapter 1135 Showdown (Part 2)

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    Ma Zi once said: 'Taxation is the source of life for bureaucrats, the army, priests and the court. In a word, it is the source of life for the entire authority.  A strong government and heavy taxes are the same concept'Jiangnan's economic development far surpasses that of other provinces in the country, and its ability to provide blood transfusions for the country is naturally higher than other regions.  Implementing a generous collection policy, Qiu Jun, a famous economic official of this dynasty, said: "Han Yu said that Fu came out of the world, and Jiangnan occupied the nineteenth place. Looking at it today, the east and west of Zhejiang occupy the nineteenth place in the south of the Yangtze River, while Su, Song, Chang, Jia, and Jiangnan occupy the nineteenth place.  The five prefectures of the lake and the nineteenth place in the two Zhejiang provinces." Although there are exaggerations, the dependence of the state's finances on the south of the Yangtze River can also be seen.

    In order to ensure that the heavy tax was collected according to the amount, the imperial court stipulated that officials from Jiangsu and Zhejiang were not allowed to serve in the household department, so as to plug the loopholes and prevent problems before they happened.  But no matter how harsh the officials' urgings are, the cunning gentry and landlords can always do everything possible to evade taxes, send money and food slyly, pass the burden on to the poor households who have no land and little land, and even collude with corrupt officials to cheat and aggravate the situation.  The burden of the small people.

    Therefore, after heavy taxes were imposed on Jiangnan at the beginning of the Republic of China, only a hundred years later, the land ownership relationship of the Jiangnan generation has undergone fundamental changes.  The original subject of taxation, 'official land'is the land that belongs to the state and is directly handed over to the people for cultivation. The tax amount of this kind of land has always been two to three times that of private landpart of it has become private land with a lower tax burden.  Most of the rest belonged to the poor.  As for the land under the name of the wealthy businessman, it is all registered as private land.

    There is also a large amount of land dedicated to the names of those who have achieved fame The culture and education in the south of the Yangtze River is prosperous, and there are as many people as the hair of a cow.  up hidden.  But in this way, those impoverished households who have no way to make troubles become the actual payers of heavy taxes.  There have been strange incidents of "small households have to pay taxes for large households, those who finish classes are whipped every day, and those who pay riches get away with it".

    Moreover, although the imperial court and local officials have taken all measures to extort money, the amount of tax that exceeds the supply capacity of the people is still owed every year under all kinds of extortion. Therefore, the phenomenon of taxation in the south of the Yangtze River is very serious.  Haven't paid in full.  Just taking the Second Mansion of Su and Song Dynasty as an example, in the second year of Hongwu, when Fufu was set, they owed hundreds of thousands of shi.  In the short seven years from the 13th year of Yongle to the 19th year of Yongle, the second government owed tax and food "no less than several million shi", and in the following seven years, the arrears were no less than several million shi.

    Later, from the first year of Xuande to the seventh year of Xuande, the cumulative endowment of a prefecture in Suzhou reached 8 million stones. A generation of famous officials Zhou Chen inspected the south of the Yangtze River, "reading books was horrified".  At that time, the total amount of taxable food and grain payable by Suzhou Prefecture was 2.77 million shi per year, and Songjiang Prefecture collected 1.2 million shi per year, but the actual amount of tax and grain collected each year was only half of the payable amount.  Therefore, there was a proverb at that time: "The court is greedy, and the people are greedy."  '

    This is still the best of the Ming Dynasty, the Hong, Yong, and Xuan dynasties. The examination results were so strict that the officials supervised and urged them to work hard.  After that, the authority of the central court declined day by day, and its control over the local area was far less than that at the beginning of the founding of the country, and officials from the south of the Yangtze River gradually grasped the right to speak in the court.  As a result, this kind of argument was thrown out from time to time, and even fabricated the number of deaths from famines, just to  Let the hometown pay less tax.

    ? A lie has been told a thousand times before it has become a fact. Therefore, since Jingtai, the imperial court has repeatedly reduced or exempted Jiangnan's tax arrears, and there is even a saying that "every five years will be reduced by five years".  As a result, the landowners became more and more confident, and even tried their best to default on paying taxes But how can ordinary people withstand the sudden death of tigers and wolves who demand taxes?  So who are the people who can owe taxes and wait for relief?  it goes without saying.

    ? In desperation, when the Ministry of Officials inspects officials serving in Jiangnan, if they can complete half of the indicators, they are considered qualified; if they complete 60%, they can be good and promoted;  If 80% of the target can be achieved, Legend can directly become the Secretary of the Household Department Of course, the reason why Legend is Legend is because no one has ever achieved it.

    Therefore, people in the know say that Jiangnan "has the name of heavy taxation, but not the reality of heavy taxation."  Jiangnan's heavy Fu is the best in the world, but Jiangnan's Fu is also the best in the world.  This not only makes the imperial court empty of the name of taking profit, but ultimately has no reality of taking profit.  Moreover, because the amount of taxation cannot be paid year by year, old debts and new collections are confused, and those who pay the food do not know which is the old debt and which is the new collection, and the corruption of officials and officials are mixed with the people's debts.  The convenience provided by the rape and embezzler, of course, will eventually fall on the powerless and powerless people.

    ~~~~~~~~~A rough idea can naturally greatly reduce the difficulty of clearing the Zhang.

    For ordinary accountants, this job must feel like an ant chewing an elephant and it is difficult to complete, but for an auditor who is used to the vast account books and joint numbers, it is just an ordinary job.  For their efficient and accurate work, Hai Rui was naturally 90% satisfied, and the remaining 100% was dissatisfied because their asking price was too high, each person was only three taels of silver a day, which was said to be an internal preferential price.  So in order to shorten the working day, Hai Rui had no choice but to grit his teeth and turn on the headlights Compared with the remuneration to be paid, this little money for gas is really nothing.

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    Fortunately, there is a reason why you are expensive. In the middle of the night, the auditors completed the tasks assigned by Hai Rui, and the leader delivered the summary conclusions to him, while the rest went back to sleep.

    Hai Rui rubbed his eyes, took a look at the report, and although he was mentally prepared, he still let out an 'ouch': "So much?"

    This sound caused Wang Xijue to turn his face, and Hai Rui handed him the report.  Wang Xijue took it over and read it carefully under the oil lamp, but saw that it said: "A list of the total number of acres of registered land in Songjiang Prefecture".  The number of acres of fields and the total amount of grain tax were comparedBecause during this period, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the reclamation was basically over, so the statistics are of more reference value.

    It can be seen that in the 24th year of Hongwu, there were 4.76 million mu of registered land and 1.38 million shi of grain tax; in the second year of Longqing, 4.3 million mu of registered land and 100 million grain tax were collected.  Thirty thousand stones.  The registered land has shrunk by 460,000 mu, and the total amount of grain and tax has shrunk by 350,000 shi.  This number is already very pretty, because there are statistics from the 20th year of Jiajing in the middle, the registered land is 4.4 million mu, and the total grain tax is 700,000 shi This shows that Hai Rui's previous three governors, Shen Mo, Tang  Ru Ji and Gui Youguang, within the scope allowed at the time, have done a very good job.

    Regardless of why the registered land has shrunk, it doesn't matter where the nearly one million mu of newly increased arable land has gone after dredging the Wusong River and developing Shanghai Beach over the years.  Just for the tax that once shrunk by nearly half, the auditors gave a set of relevant data:

    In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu, the amount of government land that was heavily entrusted was 3 million mu, and the tax-free land was only 30,000 mu.

    But in the 20th year of Jiajing, there were only 1.7 million mu of government land that was heavily taxed.  900,000 mu.  By the second year of Longqing, the number of government-owned farmland was 1.1 million mu, and the tax-free land reached 1.17 million mu, surpassing the number of government-owned farmland for the first time.

    ?For the past 30 years from the 20th year of Jiajing to the second year of Longqing, the amount of arable land has further deteriorated, but the amount of taxation has improved significantly. Hai Rui knows that a large number of people in Songjiang have replanted cotton fields, and the increase in economic benefits has brought about the result.  But he believes that this cannot cover up the evil consequences of land annexation, because the non-taxable land still does not pay tax, but it can squeeze more oil and water from the poor people.

    Under the series of figures, there is another line of statistics, which is the total land of the Xu family in the Songjiang prefecture - 460,000 mu¡ª¡ª

    segmentation¡ª¡ª  ¡ª¡ª

    Continue to write, I don¡¯t know whether to post it or not (To be continued. If you like this work, you are welcome to come to the starting point (qidian.com) to vote for recommendations and monthly tickets. Your support is my biggest motivation.) (Remember  Website URL: www.hlnovel.com
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