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Chapter 1143: Zhong Jin (Part 1)

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    Under the same level of technical conditions, land is an extremely inefficient means of production. Therefore, in the period of small-scale peasant economy, there is only one way to rely on land to meet higher material needs, which is merger and exploitation.  Concentrate the land that originally belonged to many people into the hands of a few people, and exploit the blood and sweat of the land laborers, so as to achieve the goal of gathering sand into a tower and accumulating less into more.

    However, this approach has many disadvantages. First, it deprives the small people of their land, which will be hated by the poor people;  Once the harvest is not good, not only may there be no harvest, but they will have to open warehouses to release grain to support their own tenants.  Therefore, the life of most small and medium landlords is not as rich as imagined, especially the small and medium landlords in underdeveloped areas.  Not meaty.  This is not because they have the traditional virtues of hard work and simplicity, but because the efficiency of the small-scale peasant economy is too low. If you do your own labor, you can save one person's food. The landlord's family really has no surplus food

    Compared with the small peasant economy, the commodity economy is more efficient and has a stronger ability to create wealth.  Moreover, the formation process of the commodity economy can break the natural economy and regional blockade, develop social division of labor, establish a domestic market, promote the development of socialization of production and the progress of social productivity because the process of establishing the value of commodities will continuously prompt commodity producers to improve  Production technology, update machinery and equipment, improve operation and management, and increase labor productivity.

    And the process of realizing the value of commodities is based on the principle of equivalent exchange, constantly adjusting the interest relationship between the two sides of the exchange, mobilizing the enthusiasm of producers, and rationally allocating and utilizing the means of production to promote the development of production.  Therefore, its value core provides a fertile ground for the consciousness of equality, democratic thought, the spirit of freedom, and the construction of the legal system; obviously, it is more representative of the direction of progress and development of human society than the closedness, autocracy, hierarchy, and rule of man bred by the small-scale peasant economy.

    In the final analysis, it is a general law of the development process of human history that the commodity economy replaces the small peasant economy.  Only by fully developing the commodity economy and making it the main form of social economy can the socialization and modernization of production be realized, thereby realizing the civilization and modernization of society.  Whether the commodity economy can replace the natural economy and become the main form of social economy is related to whether a nation can not be left behind in the next five hundred years.  This is the most important event in Mo Mo's life.

    So what are the reasons for the development of China's commodity economy?  The first is deflation. China is seriously short of precious metals, and has never been able to establish a complete currency system, which severely limits the circulation of commodities;  The currency needed in the country will become increasingly scarce, so China's development of the commodity economy has inherent deficiencies.  But this problem has been greatly improved in the past 20 years with the influx of American silver and Japanese silver. This is also the fundamental reason for the booming commodity economy of the Ming Dynasty in the past 20 years.

    The second is the traditional thought of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business.  Because the imperial autocracy was based on the small-scale peasant economy, compared with the closed and conservative small-scale peasant economy, the freedom of movement of the commodity economy and the pursuit of political status by the merchant class were regarded by the rulers as cancerous tumors that undermined the foundation of rule.  Moreover, in an era when food was a problem for most people, and the conditions for the development of a commodity economy were lacking, businessmen in that era mostly resorted to speculation and hoarding to make profits, which did have a negative impact on the lives of small farmers.  Moreover, due to limited vision, the rulers did not realize the multiplier effect of the commodity economy on social wealth, and one-sidedly believed that businessmen "do not engage in production, but only speculate for profit", which is a parasite of society

    Therefore, from the time of Shang Yang in the Warring States Period, he began to emphasize agricultural production and restrain the development of industry and commerce.  During Qin Shihuang's reign, businessmen were treated the same as criminals.  The Han Dynasty ordered merchants not to wear silk clothes, not to ride horses, and "heavy taxes and rents to embarrass them." Emperors of all dynasties said;  All businessmen and merchants depend on farming for food, so farming is the main task of the world, and industrialists and merchants are the bottom line'.  The master of these ideas of small peasants was Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding father of the dynasty. He took various measures to restrict the development of industry and commerce, and even attempted to obliterate the existence of the merchant class.  Although that is just wishful thinking, the impact on social consciousness is still very heavy.

    Even in today's booming industry and commerce, almost stubborn landlords cannot refuse the huge profits brought by industry and commerce, but the idea of ??"getting rich with the end and keeping the business with the foundation" is deeply rooted. These guys have earned huge wealth from industry and commerce, isn't it  Thinking of adding equipment, building factories, and expanding reproduction, but turned around and competed to buy land for the Ming Dynasty.?Exercise superhuman military talent.  But on the vast grassland, there is no backup, and the Mongolian cavalry, which is several times larger than yourself, may rush out at any time. How difficult it is to save yourself and destroy the enemy!

    In fact, at the beginning, Li Chengliang did not have a clear goal, basically looking for the enemy duel and running long distances.  It is an encounter battle, a surprise battle, and the brave is the brave, it is really dangerous to the extreme.  Maybe it is a god-given famous general. If the war wants to give birth to such a generation of famous generals, he will not be annihilated in his debut work, but will be sent to him.  In the hinterland, they ran into a large Mongolian army that had been hurriedly transferred after receiving the news of the Ming army's invasion In order to cover the retreat of tens of thousands of old and weak women and children, the Mongolian army had to bite the bullet and fight, but was disrupted by Li Chengliang's burst of fire.  After setting up a position, he swung his army fiercely in, killing three in and three out, and smashed the Mongolian army twice as large as himself, and fled in all directions.

    The beheading of more than a thousand ranks in this battle greatly boosted the morale of the Ming army, and it also completely wiped out the little fighting spirit that the Mongols had accumulated all winter.  Huang Taiji and Buyan Taiji, who had been through the winter, came to the rescue and were able to recover.

    The Mongols assembled heavy troops and vowed to annihilate the cross-border cavalry.  However, at this time Li Chengliang was completely used to fighting on the grassland, and he knew the topography of the Houtao grassland well.  Fist, blitz to win, beat the Mongols dizzy, miserable

    The climax of this spring offensive appeared in the final stage.  Li Chengliang led his men to drive straight in six days and fought for three hundred miles. After avoiding the frontal defenses of Huangtaiji and Buyantaiji, they broke through the five tribes hiding in Urad one after another.  Then quietly killed a carbine along the eastern foot of the Yin Mountain, and went straight to Huang Taiji's Chinese army camp.

    Although the Mongols sent most of their troops back to aid after learning the news of the attack on the rear, there were still more than 15,000 horsemen left behind to prevent Li Chengliang from returning.

    This battle is a real blood and fire contest between the two sides, a fight between life and death.  Li Chengliang led less than 5,000 cavalry and ran back and forth for nearly a thousand miles to fight the main forces of Huang Taiji and Buyan Taiji who were waiting for work. This was a real frontal battle and a tough battle.  In this battle, Li Chengliang's troops had no chance to cheat. On the contrary, they fought more with less, and fought with fatigue. The battle was extremely cruel.

    However, Li Chengliang withstood the ferocious arrogance of his opponents, took the lead, fought bloody to the end, led the whole army to fight bravely, and went straight to the Mongolian army, killing two Taijis and had to retreat in panic.  Seeing the commander retreat, the Mongolian army was in a mess. The Ming army took advantage of the situation to cover up their anger and left, but the Mongolian army did not dare to pursue.

    ?In this battle, the Ming army used four thousand five against fifteen thousand, killing three thousand enemies, and self-inflicted less than one thousand losses

    ? In mid-March, Li Chengliang returned to the suite with his exhausted and severely damaged subordinates, and received the grandest welcome

    From crossing the river at the end of February to returning to Taonei in mid-March, in less than a month, the Ming army won seven battles and seven victories, beheaded nearly 6,000 people, destroyed seventeen Mongol camps, and snatched more burned supplies.  There are countless It is unbelievable for other Ming army generals that Li Chengliang's troops don't need supplies from the rear.  After conquering the Mongol camp, the captured food was supplemented on the spot, and all the food that could not be eaten was destroyed, depleting their precious food reserves.

    The most valuable thing is that after this battle, the cavalry of the Ming army were no longer afraid to stay away from the rear, and fought a decisive battle with the Mongols on the grassland.  .

    The blood and bravery that the Han people have not seen for many years have reappeared on this spring grassland¡ª¡ª

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