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Volume 1 We Live in Nanjing Preface

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    Come, let us poke a point in the historical coordinates of mankind.

    In 1887, east longitude 8 degrees 24 minutes, north latitude 49 degrees.

    Karlsruhe, a small German city.

    This is the northern gate of the lush Black Forest, where the Rhine River winds quietly. It is a quaint small town, with scattered buildings under the sun located among the green trees, patchwork.

    In this quiet and peaceful afternoon, the sunlight fell on the feet of young people through the gap in the curtains of a certain building at the University of Karlsruhe.

    The room was dimly lit, and there was a long wooden table on the floor.

    A cylinder is placed horizontally at the other end of the long table, and layers of copper wires are tightly wound on the cylinder. This is an induction coil.

    In the center of the long table is a pair of barbells placed horizontally¡ªat least it looks like a barbell.

    There is a hollow copper ball the size of a human head at each end of the thing. The two copper balls are connected by a thin solid copper tube, which is about two meters long. At first glance, it looks like an elongated and thin barbell, but  It's not the same as a barbell, because the copper rod in the middle of it is broken in the middle, and there is a gap of two centimeters that divides the thing in two.

    The two hollow copper balls are respectively connected to the inductance coil behind with wires.

    The inductance coil is connected to the battery under the table with wires.

    Coupled with the open copper ring held in the young man's hand, then this set of equipment is complete.

    He knows exactly what each component in this set of equipment is for. The coil is a booster, which can boost the voltage of the weak battery to a high enough level, and the two copper balls are capacitors.  To accumulate charge, one side is the positive pole and the other is the negative pole. When the charge accumulated in the capacitors on both sides reaches a certain amount, the high-voltage current can instantly break through the air in the gap¡ª¡ª

    The young man turned on the circuit switch.

    There was a soft "snap".

    Like lightning, a light blue arc danced in the gap in the center of the copper rod.

    It's not over yet.

    This is not the purpose of the experiment.

    He raised the C-shaped brass ring in his hand-the brass ring had a small opening, walked slowly towards the table, and then held his breath.

    One step, two steps, three steps

    There was a very subtle "pop" sound, which sounded like a ghost, but it didn't come from the experimental device on the table, but from the copper ring in the young man's hand.

    Transparent, elf-like weak electric sparks burst out in the opening of the C-shaped copper ring.

    He widened his eyes in surprise, and after unremitting efforts, he finally caught the invisible and intangible ghost floating in the air.

    In the dark, there is a mysterious pusher that transmits energy from the electric spark generator on the table to the copper ring in his hand. There is no wire, no medium, and no connection. This small independent copper ring  It was a miracle that flames danced on the ground.

    Maxwell's theory has been perfectly verified.

    On this day, human beings consciously sent out the first electromagnetic wave to the universe.

    This young man who taught at the University of Karlsruhe was named Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.

    This year, he was thirty years old.

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    Let's poke one more point in the historical coordinates of humanity.

    July 11, 1998.

    The Nanjing shortwave team composed of Bai Zhen, Wang Ning, and Zhao Bowen participated in the IARU Shortwave World Championships. They used an I725 shortwave radio station, and under the scorching sun, they set up the radio station and antenna on Zijin Mountain.  A small table, starting at eight o'clock in the morning of the day, calls out.

    The antenna is a dipole antenna installed horizontally in the north-south direction. It is tied between two trees with a drawstring, which looks like a clothesline from a distance.

    "CQ! CQ! CQ!" Bai Zhen held the microphone in one hand and the pen in the other, speaking English soaked in his pickle jar, sitting on the channel and setting up a stall, "Bravo-Golf-Four-Mike-Xray-  Hotel test! BG4MXH! QSL?"

    "Juliet-Alfa-Oa-Charlie-Kilo! JA1DCK! QSL?" A clear reply came from the headset soon.

    Bai Zhen made an OK gesture and began to record the communication log.

    The other party's call sign is JA11

    What's behind it?

    "Juliet-Alfa-Oneagain?" Bai Zhen had no choice but to ask him to report again.

    "Juliet-Alfa-Oa-Charlie-Kilo! JA1DCK!"

    The call sign starting with J is Japanese.

    No wonder my English is worse than mine.

    Bai Zhen thought silently in his heart, and at the same time replied: "Rer! You are 59! QSL?"

    &Department of Physics, University. After graduating with a Ph.D., he stayed at the school to work. He is currently an associate researcher at Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory, and has been engaged in space physics and electromagnetics research so far.

    However, Wang Ning went around in circles for many years, and finally entered the office of the Nanjing Non-committee Committee as the person in charge of the radio monitoring station until today.

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    Let's finally poke a spot in the long river of time.

    Now.

    At this very moment.

    You are looking at the screen of your mobile phone¡ªwhether it is Apple, Huawei, Xiaomi, Samsung or OV, they are fundamentally no different from the C-shaped copper ring in Hertz¡¯s hands back then, all text, pictures, sounds and videos are modulated  It is converted into electromagnetic waves, passes through communication base stations and wireless routers, is received by mobile phone antennas, and then demodulated into signals that humans can understand, and then enters your eyes and ears.

    Every minute and every second in this world, long waves pass through the deep ocean, short waves oscillate on the ionosphere, and UV waves run rampant in the city. They form another world where we cannot see with the naked eye.

    Today, more than 130 years have passed since the first electromagnetic wave was captured by human beings in 1887. In theory, energy is conserved. The first electromagnetic wave sent by human beings is still oscillating in this universe, although it has decayed to nothing.  People can catch it, it is like a little ghost, wandering in this noisy world, it may cause a sudden jump of electrons in a component in the integrated circuit of your mobile phone, flash like a spark, so weak that it is beyond this universe,  No one could notice anymore.

    At that moment, you rubbed your sleepy eyes, and you would not realize that after a long time of 130 years, you received greetings from the young man named Hertz.

    This is a story about radio. This story happened in 2019. Nearly two years have passed. During the past two years, the author spent a lot of energy visiting and sorting out materials from various sources before I was a little confident in compiling it into a manuscript and publishing it to the public.  , and strive not to make big mistakes, if anyone sees my work, I hope Xiaohan.

    All characters in this article are pseudonyms.
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