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Chapter 402: Sympathy for the Same Suffering

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    Time has entered the ninth year of the Republic of China, that is, after 1920 AD. When governments around the world are easing their relations with China, Japan has changed its attitude.  At the beginning of the new year, the Japanese government demanded that the Shandong issue be discussed directly with China, bypassing the League of Nations, and at the same time it prevented the large banking consortium formed by the United States, Britain, France, and Japan from investing in Northeast China to facilitate Japan's full control of Northeast China's finances.

    The Shandong issue was the trigger of the May Fourth Movement. The Chinese people who have experienced this ideological baptism have awakened and realized their own strength.  Japan's so-called request to directly discuss the Shandong issue with China is nothing more than relying on its strong muscles and unwillingness to make it more difficult for it by the intervention of Britain, the United States and other countries.  In order to gain the support of the Japanese, the Anhui government has formally accepted the Japanese envoy Obata's request.

    ¡° In this way, the people of Shandong are first of all dissatisfied.

    Since New Year¡¯s Day, Jinan students have used various forms to oppose the government¡¯s weakness: speeches, plays, and leaflets, which are likely to become more and more violent.  The government ordered students not to interfere in politics. Jinan police banned students from performing in plays, which caused conflicts and seriously injured more than ten students.

    The next day, teachers and staff in various schools in Jinan stopped working in anger. When the news came, all provinces came together to express support. A new round of market strikes, class strikes, and strikes began to brew, and there was talk of "suppressing Japanese goods." However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China ordered all provinces to prohibit the suppression of Japanese goods.  goods.

    Not only that, the Ministry of Transport also signed a telecommunications loan contract with Japan's East Asia Industrial Co., Ltd. two days later, with an amount of 15 million yuan, to show the Chinese government's determination to have good relations with "friendly countries".  When the news came, Zhang Hanqing was the first to send a message, resolutely objecting, "This government, which is so shameless, will definitely not leave without strong resistance." He was the first to set off a cry against the Anhui clique government.

    The reason why it is so angry is that in addition to the Shandong issue, Japan refuses large banking groups such as the United Kingdom and the United States to come to the Northeast. In fact, it has regarded the Northeast as its own piece of meat and can eat it as it wants.  Their hands are stretched too long, so long that they want to strangle the Northeastern Autonomous Government in the cradle.

    This is because the South Manchuria Railway and its branch lines are closely related to the affiliated minerals and Jilin¡ª¡ªHuining, Zhengjiatun¡ª¡ªTaonan, Kaiyuan¡ª¡ªJilin, Jilin¡ª¡ªChangchun, Changchun¡ª¡ª  The Taonan, Xinmintun-Fengtian, Siping Street-Zhengjiatun and other railways were all built by the Japanese or borrowed money or prepared to borrow money from the Chinese government. In the eyes of the Japanese, they belong to their sphere of influence.  Therefore, the new banking group is required to consider this area as outside the scope of investment.

    The lack of investment will inevitably slow down the development momentum of the Northeast. In addition, it will also invalidate Zhang Hanqing¡¯s strategy of ¡°using barbarians to control barbarians¡± by attracting foreign investment to resist Japan. What is even more unacceptable is that the Japanese have nominal control over the Northeast.

    He said that if you can¡¯t enter, you can¡¯t enter. What do you think of the Northeastern Autonomous Government?  What do you think of China¡¯s sovereignty?

    This is very angry, but given the current situation, it is helpless.  Duan Qirui faced the aggressiveness of the Zhili Clique. He only had the Japanese government to draw on, so it was inevitable that he would be a little weak to the Japanese's demands.  Taking into account the rapid rise of the Feng clan, China has formed a three-legged situation of Zhizhi, Anhui and Fengzhi. Weak branches and strong trunks are ultimately not a blessing to the country.

    But Zhang and his son would not "understand" his difficulties. In any case, trading territory and national sovereignty is unforgivable.  Moreover, it is even more intolerable for the Japanese to extend their hands to the Northeast.

    After the Japanese army once again increased its troops in the Far East, in order to show Japan's presence in the Northeast, on March 10, Japan actually crossed the border to Jilin to arrest Chinese.

    At this time, both Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Hanqing knew that although the Fengxuan was strong, it was far from being able to challenge the Japanese face to face.  On the contrary, the right answer is to continue to hide one's strength and bide one's time, but this anger is really uncomfortable!

    Similarly, the Soviet government was also very uncomfortable.  In order to avoid direct conflict with the Japanese invaders and to prevent their continued expansion into the eastern part of Soviet Russia and to avoid fighting on the east and west fronts, the Soviet government decided to establish a bourgeoisie in the Far East designed to act as a "buffer" between Soviet Russia and Japan.  Discourage the Republic.  Separate yourself from Japan and eliminate Japan's excuse for sending troops to Siberia. This is how the famous Far Eastern Republic was established.

    Fight for a piece of land to separate this devil from yourself so that you can work with peace of mind.  Therefore, the Far Eastern Republic has been tasked with resisting Japanese aggression on Soviet territory since its establishment.

    According to the decision of the Soviet Russian government, the Transbaikal Region Workers' Congress was held in Ulan-Ude on April 6, 1920, announcing to the world the establishment of an independent Far Eastern Republic with its capital in Udinsk (Ukraine).  Lan-Ude) and later moved to Chita.

    Although the establishment of the Far Eastern Republic was in the nature of a republic, it was still inconsistent with the Japanese imperialists' aggressive plan.  Japan's main purpose is to maintain the Far East in a state of anarchy and disorder, and to facilitate it to take the Far East as its own.  Therefore, it continues to provoke and support whiteBandits and other anti-government forces attacked the Soviet government.  With the support of Japan, the White Army resisted the Far East Republic's liberation of Chita on April 20.

    ¡°Don¡¯t look at dancing happily now, everything will have to be paid back in the future.  The Japanese government will not know that his hopping up and down in the Far East has been considered by all parties to be a huge disaster, and a counterattack against Japan is taking shape.

    The first to rebel were its former allies.  The United States believes that Japan violated the agreement signed before the Far East Intervention Force dispatched troops, that is, the two countries will not "use this joint expedition or any incident that may result from it as an opportunity to occupy land."  Now, Japan is clearly taking advantage of the Temple Street incident to make a big fuss.  The United States opposes Japan's occupation of northern Sakhalin and declares that it does not recognize the right of other countries to occupy the island except Russia.

    Japan¡¯s refusal to withdraw its troops also aroused doubts in Britain, France and other countries. They were worried about Japan¡¯s monopolization of Eastern Siberia and also demanded that Japan withdraw its troops.  As a result, Japan became isolated internationally.

    And the common enemy united the hearts of the Feng Faction, the Soviet Union and the Far East Republic.  Zhang Hanqing sent several groups of representatives to negotiate with the Soviet government and the Far Eastern Republic, expressing their determination to firmly support them. Among them, the one that made them most satisfied and enthusiastic was the trade of grain for military machinery.

    Because of the arms embargo imposed on China by the great powers, it is difficult for China alone to have a late-mover advantage, because China¡¯s modern military has just begun.  If we can get help from Soviet Russia, although its military-industrial system is not considered advanced and its weapons are a little behind those of European and American powers, it can't stand up to others, and they have a relatively complete system.

    At the same time, Soviet Russia also needed help, which was the food that almost killed them.

    After the Soviet regime was established in 1917, a wartime food crisis immediately emerged, which turned into a famine in the spring.  In May 1918, Lenin sent a telegram to all parts of the country: "There is no food. The red capital is on the verge of destruction due to famine In the name of the Soviet Socialist Republic, I ask you to support Petrograd without hesitation."

    In order to maintain power and win domestic and foreign wars, from the second half of 1918 to the spring of 1921, the Soviet Russian government implemented the "war communism policy", which included a ban on the sale and purchase of grain and a system of collecting surplus grain.

    On January 11, 1919, the People's Committee of the Soviet Union issued a decree requiring farmers to pay agricultural products in accordance with the figures set by the government, and to hand over all surplus grain and part of the rations to support the Red Army and workers.  In order to implement the decree, the Soviet Russian government sent out armed grain collection teams to collect grain and agricultural products using military methods.  The grain collection teams often collected farmers' seed grains and basic rations, and suppressed or punished a considerable number of middle peasants and even poor peasants as rich peasants.

    This caused the peasant class to become dissociated from the Soviet power.

    Although the wartime communist policy was based on emergencies, it was once regarded by Lenin and other Soviet leaders as the only way to socialism.  In January 1919, Lenin said in a letter to historian Nikolai Rozhkov: "We should not engage in trade freedom and retreat, but should continue to advance towards socialism by improving state monopolies" After this Lenin  reinforced this idea.

    After the civil war ended, the wartime communist system continued.  The expropriated rural areas developed resistance to the Soviet regime, which turned into uncooperative actions of being unwilling to grow food or growing as little food as possible and deliberately reducing cultivated land.  Agriculture shrank sharply. In 1920, total cereal output was half that before the war, and cotton output was only 6% of pre-war levels.  The food crisis that had begun in the spring of 1918 began to amplify, and eventually led to a famine in 1921 that affected 17 provinces of the Soviet Union.  The start and end time of this famine is still controversial.  Russian scholars such as N.V. Kochetkov believe that "absolute hunger" lasted until 1925.  Orlov Vladimirovich, associate doctor of Russian history, concluded that the famine in some areas lasted for the entire first 10 years of the Soviet regime.

    There are already signs of this, and the Supreme Presidium of the Soviets is carefully considering the suggestions from the Feng faction.

    Based on the experience of interacting with the Feng Clan, we can see that this is a group that is united, has ideas, and is powerful.  At the beginning of the intervention in the Far East, this group was able to confront the central government, opposed the isolation of Soviet Russia, had many interactions with the new government, and reached some mutually beneficial conditions.  Of course, its toughness is obvious to all. Mokuowei, Zhongzhong Road, Hulunbuir, and Mongolia are all in the heart of the Soviet Russian government.

    But it is also a very trustworthy group because it keeps its word and has withstood heavy pressures to prevent China from becoming a springboard for interventionist forces to invade Russia.  It is generally friendly to the Russian people. Although it accommodates many political dissidents, it also prohibits them from using the northeastern territory to oppose the new regime of the Russian Communist Party.

    Now it is more powerful than ever. As the inspection envoy to the three eastern provinces and the economic envoy to Mongolia and Xinjiang appointed by the Central Committee, Zhang Zuolin legally controls all Sino-Soviet border ports.  This essentially shows that Sino-Soviet relations can actually be determined by the Feng Dynasty.

    The Feng Faction was friendly to Soviet Russia.  The young marshal from Northeast China spoke loudly on various occasions to normalize Sino-Soviet relations and encourage economic exchanges between China and the Soviet Union.  According to the domestic situation in China, the Anhui clique, which was originally opposed to establishing diplomatic relations with the new Soviet government|government, is likely to encounter a military conflict with another group, the Zhili clique, at some point this summer. The Zhili clique and the Fengcheng clique have some common languages.  , which shows that a thaw in Sino-Soviet relations is very likely to be achieved.

    Therefore, they were very optimistic about the food barter proposed by the Feng faction, and they decided to send representative Youlin to Feng to discuss the specific details.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)In fact, the relationship can be determined by the word "Feng".

    The Feng Faction was friendly to Soviet Russia.  The young marshal from Northeast China spoke loudly on various occasions to normalize Sino-Soviet relations and encourage economic exchanges between China and the Soviet Union.  According to the domestic situation in China, the Anhui clique, which was originally opposed to establishing diplomatic relations with the new Soviet government|government, is likely to encounter a military conflict with another group, the Zhili clique, at some point this summer. The Zhili clique and the Fengcheng clique have some common languages.  , which shows that a thaw in Sino-Soviet relations is very likely to be achieved.

    Therefore, they were very optimistic about the food barter proposed by the Feng faction, and they decided to send representative Youlin to Feng to discuss the specific details.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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