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Chapter 349 Treasury Bills and Food Stamps

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    Zhang Hanqing is a person who "makes decisions" on major political matters, but he is not good at detailed work. Everything depends on the actual execution of the deputy director of the Northeast Development Commission headed by Wang Yongjiang (the predecessor of the National Development and Reform Commission, Zhang Hanqing's nominal director)  , his main job is to "use amazing foresight to bring fantastic ideas to the Northeast New Deal" (see "History of the Republic of China - Biography of Zhang Xueliang").

    At the beginning of the New Deal in Northeast China, the financial urgency was very obvious.  Although there is a large amount of land in the Northeast, it lacks the necessary population to cultivate it.  At this time, agricultural farming was still in an almost primitive form of shoulder-to-shoulder farming (this situation still occurred across China long after the reform and opening up 60 years later in official history), and individuals did not have the ability to cultivate so much land in the short term.  Low productivity constrained the development of agriculture, which was the basic element that Zhang Hanqing relied on to deliver nutrients to industry.

    ??To engage in industry, you need money, and money can only come from agriculture as the primary industry. If agriculture wants to develop greatly and production efficiency needs to be improved, it needs the achievements of machinery and other industries, which seems to be trapped in an infinite loop.  Zhang Hanqing is not an expert in economics, but he understands the theory of economics better than many masters in the financial circles in Northeast China.

    China is a typical agricultural country, and money ultimately comes from agriculture.

    In fact, the Northeast is not considered poor in the country. It has black soil where "oil flowers bloom when you pinch it, and sprouts sprout even when you insert a pair of chopsticks." It is rich in water conservancy resources, with rivers crisscrossing the surface, a considerable amount of groundwater, and abundant atmospheric precipitation. It is extremely  Suitable for agricultural development.  Industrially, because Japan and Russia successively invaded and used this place as a collection place for their raw materials, it led to the emergence of mining, ironmaking and related industries. In comparison, in terms of industry, in addition to relying on the coastal geography  Except for the advantageous cities of Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Qingdao and other cities, at that time, there was no industry in the country that was more "outstanding" than the Northeast - although the Northeast also only had primitive hand-crafted workshop-style industries.

    According to the Northeast Immigration Act, which was enacted to solve the problem of overcrowding and sparse land, the government gave the green light to the entry of people from within the customs and from the North Korean border.  Due to the continuous civil war within the Guan, and the attraction of hearing that there was land for farming in the Northeast, the extremely poor Chinese population flocked to the outside of the Guan from North China in large numbers.  On the Beijing-Fenghuang line, the preferential policies for entering Guandong continued to be implemented. Within a year after the Beijing-Tianjin floods began, more than one million extremely poor people immigrated to the Northeast. After that, the monthly income increased at a rate of 100,000. By 1919  In January, the population of Northeast China (only the three provinces outside the Guanhai Pass) was 26.22 million, which surged to 27.83 million by the end of the year, and reached 30.97 million by the end of 1920. This trend accelerated significantly.

    Thank God!  Although Zhang Hanqing was not a loyal Christian, he could not help but be grateful for the good weather, because 1918 was another good harvest year.  With another bumper harvest year, the three northeastern provinces under the Northeastern United Provincial Autonomous Government have an annual output of 2 million tons of soybeans, 1.6 million tons of wheat, 560,000 tons of rice, 800,000 tons of millet, 6.4 million tons of sorghum, and 4 million tons of corn.  , 480,000 tons of cereals and beans (except soybeans), 240,000 tons of cotton, and 130,000 tons of tobacco.  Livestock on hand include 3.2 million horses, 2.4 million cattle, 24 million sheep, and 32 million pigs.  The region's annual grain output is about 16 million tons.  Information from the Government Statistics Bureau shows that as of the end of December, the area of ??arable land in the region was 40 million hectares (4 billion acres), of which 12.5 million hectares were already cultivated.  The forest area is 170 million hectares.  Northeast China is no less the "granary of the north" than Jiangnan (it has been this way since history).

    The farmers have had a good harvest, and the old landowners with a certain economic status have also become rich. However, except for collecting a pitiful small portion of agricultural taxes, the state seems to have nothing to do with it.  All the efforts made by the previous government have a feeling of being married to others.

    How can this be?  How is this possible!  Zhang Hanqing must find ways to make huge profits from agriculture. Otherwise, if the country is weak and the people are rich, his own efforts will only fatten the Northeast. Shouldn't he kill the fat pig butchers?  wrong!  Fat pigs are the butcher¡¯s favorite!

    However, taxes cannot be raised: on the one hand, this is a continuation of the spirit of the new people's land reform. The reform is a trifle with the reform, which only causes people's dissatisfaction and distrust of the government; on the other hand, in order to attract more people to enter the Northeast and join the Northeast  Amid the wave of agricultural reform, tax reduction policies will continue.

    Money still has to come from farmers.  Because of the Northeastern Autonomous Government, the farmers in the Northeast, who had never had a good life in thousands of years, took the fruits of the harvest as their own for the first time. The country's promise not to interfere with the surplus grain was really fulfilled.  This has given farmers unprecedented trust in the government, and they actively implement and believe in the government's various laws, regulations and requirements.  In this case, in order to maximize the raising of funds for economic construction, Northeastern government bonds, also known as treasury bills, made their debut.  Along with it, food stamps also appeared on the stage of history.

    Which comes first, treasury bills or food stamps?  No one can tell.  In the end, it was the existence of treasury bills that stimulated the issuance of food stamps.Well, no one can tell whether it was the existence of food stamps that stimulated people's recognition of treasury bonds.  The only thing that can be said clearly is that the issuance of these two tickets and coupons was all orchestrated by the young marshal.

    ??Money can become capital only when it circulates, and the capital of ordinary people is the food in their hands.  The Northeast is poor, but if the food in the hands of the people is converted into capital and circulated, it will be a huge sum of money, enough to support the primitive accumulation of the Northeast economy.  The landowners and businessmen in the Northeast are not poor. Even if the people in the Northeast are poor, they can't handle the large number of people, right?  If we don't dig something out of their hands, we will be sorry for the various advantages we have gained since time travel.

    ??The primitive accumulation of capital has always been accompanied by blood and tears, as was the British enclosure movement and the slave trade in the 16th century.  The issuance of Northeastern national debt and food stamps refers to this principle, but with very humane additions.

    These two things, which were hailed as genius masterpieces by the Northeastern financial circles, gave Zhang Hanqing the bad reputation of a vampire at first.  But when the government fulfilled its promise as scheduled, it was praised as having done a great thing for the people.  So, for many things, we have to wait and see. Time is the only criterion for testing truth, that¡¯s right.

    The output of farmers includes two parts: public grain and surplus grain. Zhang Hanqing focuses on the relatively large surplus grain. His idea is to take out this part of the surplus grain and let the government use it for a period of time with less or no payment.

    When doing this, it will be a little bloody at first. This is necessary during the labor pain stage.  In order to allow the people to "voluntarily" hand over their surplus grain, the government has made full publicity: in addition to leaving enough grain rations and seeds for the coming year, all farmers and vendors who have grain stored in their homes exceeding a certain amount will be regarded as hoarding grain.  If found, they will be confiscated. If the quantity is huge, they will be severely punished as a crime of disrupting the economy.

    Of course, in order to alleviate people¡¯s complaints against the government, the working group and publicity group also announced that the mandatory period will be three years.  In extraordinary times, the people must be very cooperative.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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