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Chapter 689 The battle on the cultural front

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    By the end of 1922, the original five-year delivery date had arrived. However, due to economic crises of varying sizes occurring in various countries around the world during the same period, China was "no exception" - this was Zhang Hanqing's deliberate show of poverty.  , in his opinion, it is time to cancel this huge unequal treaty that has greatly affected the dignity of the Chinese people.

    At that time, the fiscal revenue of local governments under the control of the Fengcian clique accounted for more than 80% of the entire Republic of China. However, the old Fengcian clique headed by Zhang Zuolin did not agree with the central government's "obligation" to pay compensation, which made the government headed by Jin Yunpeng  The central government is simply incapable of "fulfilling" its responsibilities.

    At that time, the reason given by Zhang Hanqing was: the country had not yet been unified, and the Fengtian faction did not have the ability and obligation to be responsible for events in the country as a whole.  Prime Minister Jin Yunpeng is not allowed to send notes to China and foreign countries asking for a moratorium on payment.

    After the success of the Russian October Socialist Revolution, the Soviet government announced that it would relinquish all the privileges of Imperial Russia in China, including the return of the unpaid portion of the Boxer Indemnity. The Russians' privileges in China would also be cancelled, and in exchange for all these  There is only one condition: the Beiyang government recognizes the new Soviet power.

    In October 1922, with the support of Zhang Hanqing, the two countries signed the "China-Russia Agreement", which stipulated the purpose of refunds. In addition to repaying various debts of the Chinese government that had used Russian money as collateral, the remainder would be used for education in China.  , a fund committee (Russian Boxer Indemnity Return Committee) jointly formed by representatives from China and the Soviet Union was responsible for handling the matter.

    With the Soviet Union as a role model, you can¡¯t seem too eager, right?  At this time, the United States had decided to support the Feng faction headed by Zhang Hanqing, so it did not press too hard on this matter.

    Only France, the United Kingdom, and Japan persisted, but the central government had no money, the "Finance Minister" was too tied to the task, and the imperialist countries did not dare to push China into the arms of the Soviet Union, so they had no choice but to postpone it again.  For one year, it was just customs that was completely controlled by foreign countries.

    Now that the Feng clique controls the central government, old issues are brought up again.  Of course, the Zhangs and his son did not want to let this money go out in vain, so they had no choice but to repay the debt, which was only natural and natural, although the "debt" owed was a bit unreasonable.  But unless Zhang Hanqing, like the Communist Party later, overturned the old order and refused to recognize it at all, there would be no way around this word "reason".

    However, the conditions for total overthrow are not ripe: the United States, Japan, Britain, France and other countries have just signed the "Washington Treaty" and have reached an "open door" policy towards China. At least on the surface, they have entered a "harmonious period". Zhang Hanqing's usual method of "using barbarians to fight barbarians" failed.  .

    With China¡¯s strength, it is now really arrogant to start an all-out war with Eastern and Western imperialism. I am afraid that future generations of Chinese people will call themselves the second Cixi.

    ¡°However, the European and American imperialists announced that they would give up the balance of the Boxer Indemnity, but in practice they always used this as an excuse to control the customs.  However, the current situation does require that "in order to resist foreign aggression, we must first settle the domestic situation." After years of foreign aggression, we really don't care if it lasts longer.  A small impatience will mess up a big plan. If the country cannot become strong as soon as possible, the days of humiliation are still to come.

    The most unauthentic thing is Japan.  Japan sent envoy Yamamoto, who is also the chairman of the "Manchurian Railway", to make the following amendments to the Japanese part of the Boxer Indemnity: "The Japanese Empire agreed to consider suspending the Boxer Indemnity. The compensation is that China will extend the jurisdiction of the 'New Fifth Road' and  The facilities along the road will be under Japanese control for 20 years."

    The so-called "Manchuria Railway", the full name is "South Manchuria Railway Co., Ltd." It is famous in modern Chinese history and is known as the "national policy company". At that time, it not only provided the Kwantung Army with the power to engage in military and political strategies and seize economic lifeline, but also  And it also fully served as the super logistics department of the Kwantung Army.

    As early as 1905, after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan seized the right of way south of Changchun on the South Manchuria Branch of the Dongqing Railway in Northeast China from Russia. After that, Japan established the "South Manchuria Railway Co., Ltd."

    On the surface, this is a joint-stock company, but in fact it is Japan¡¯s headquarters for invading China. Its successive presidents are all directly appointed by the Japanese government.

    For Japanese imperialism, without the support of Japan's monopoly chaebol, it cannot carry out a war of aggression, because military strength is based on economic strength.  At the time of the September 18th Incident, Japan's Kwantung Army had only more than 10,000 people. They occupied the three northeastern provinces in more than four months.  Without the participation, cooperation and support of the powerful "Manchuria", it would be difficult for the Kwantung Army to succeed.

    At this time, the "Manchurian Railway" already had a capital of 440 million, 1,100 kilometers of railways, 480 square kilometers of railway affiliated areas, nearly 40,000 employees and more than 50 related companies in the Northeast.  Adhering to the master's will, it set its sights on the "Beijing-Harbin Line", which Zhang Hanqing regarded as an important competitor to the "South Manchuria Railway" and a strategic artery in Northeast China.

    Two years ago in the NortheastA bloody financial battle cost Mantetsu participating companies their pants. After two years of licking their wounds, they appear to have recovered.

    Zhang Zuolin, who has already taken power, will naturally not do this thing of "leaving his name in history" and digging his own grave, but he does not want to have such a strong resistance from Japan at a major historical juncture when the Gengzi Indemnity may be completely cancelled, and therefore in China's comprehensive  It was not wise to turn against Japan when the economy was being restored, so he privately stated that he could instruct the government to conclude a secret peace treaty with Japan through negotiation.

    But in return, the Japanese government must first clearly abandon the policy of Gengzi compensation.

    ¡°As China¡¯s national power gradually grows stronger and the two major powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, have given up on reparations, continuing to demand this compensation will greatly increase the anti-Japanese sentiment of the Chinese people who have recovered.  In order to show goodwill to China, the Japanese Congress passed a law and decided to transfer the remaining 72,108,776 yen of the Boxer Indemnity to "cultural undertakings with China" to cultivate agents in China.

    To this end, Japan has enacted the "Special Accounting Law for Cultural Undertakings with China" and established a Cultural Affairs Bureau in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to take charge of administrative work related to cultural undertakings with China.

    Japanese officials in charge of cultural affairs with China, including Katsuki Idebuchi, held informal consultations with the Chinese Minister to Japan, Wang Rongbao, and others, and generally agreed that the subsequent Boxer Indemnity will be mainly used for cultural undertakings run by China, such as those in Beijing.  Establish a library, an Institute of Humanities, and an Institute of Natural Sciences in Shanghai, and allocate 300,000 yuan each year to subsidize Chinese students studying in Japan. In addition, if there is any remaining funds, we will set up museums in appropriate locations, a medical university in Jinan, and a medical university in Guangdong.  Establish medical schools and affiliated hospitals, etc.

    On the surface, it seems that the Japanese are quite sincere. What they are unhappy about is that the Japanese require the Chinese government to continue to pay the Geng Jin, but this amount will be managed by a 10-member evaluation committee jointly participated by Chinese and Japanese.  The use of funds seems to be nothing.

    Therefore, with the idea of ????recovering every penny for the country, Zhang Hanqing acquiesced to the signing of the "Agreement on the Use of Boxer Indemnity for Cultural Affairs in China" at the beginning of this year.

    Before the signing, there was another quarrel between the two parties over who should be the chairman of the review committee, because although this committee is composed of 5 people from China and 5 people from Japan, the chairman is Japanese.

    Many well-informed people in China have opposed this agreement. They believe that this move is a "specious return of compensation" and "specious cooperation."

    A group of cultural elites headed by Minister of Culture Liang Qichao demanded that "China and Japan jointly establish a cultural undertakings council, with half and half Chinese and Japanese directors, and one chairman, who should be filled by Chinese. This is the minimum limit", and  It is proposed that if Japan cannot tolerate these measures, it will never participate in such an undertaking.

    The Japanese government imposed pressure on Duan Qirui's government. According to usual practice, successive Chinese governments would acquiesce in hesitation, but this time they encountered the Zhang family and his son.

    Zhang Zuolin, who doesn¡¯t know a lot of Chinese characters, also learned a lot during several financial waves: it doesn¡¯t matter how many committee members there are, the ¡°long¡± character must be controlled by himself, otherwise he will definitely suffer.

    So he opposed the agreement.

    Knowing that it touched China¡¯s sensitive nerves, Japan began to try to retreat.  They proposed to the Chinese side: "The chairman of the committee can be appointed by a Chinese, but the committee's powers must not exceed the scope of Japanese laws. Regarding the three powers of project planning, regulation and management, if there are plans in the future, they must still be approved by the Imperial Diet of Japan.  It will not take effect until later, and the Cultural Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan still has the final decision.¡±

    It can be seen that this General Committee is nothing more than a fictitious organization that has to take orders from Japan.

    Zhang Hanqing felt very unhappy: Now the Japanese cannot be used as puppets politically, do they still want to use the Chinese as puppets culturally?  They take our money and keep saying they will do things for us, but in the end they want us to be grateful and take advantage of the opportunity to reap huge benefits.  Isn't this being a bitch and wanting to build a memorial arch at the same time?

    He called on the People's Party's Federation of Students Abroad in Japan to issue a declaration, arguing that Japan intends to interfere in China's internal affairs under the guise of cultural undertakings; and that Japan's subsidies to Chinese students studying in Japan harbor the evil intentions of Japan's cultural aggression and are unacceptable.

    The People's Party's mouthpiece "People's Party Daily" issued an editorial: "Be wary of another more covert aggression against China" and directly said no to this.  The Chinese negotiators who received the instructions protested by withdrawing from the negotiations.

    At this time, the memorandum of understanding between China, the Soviet Union, and the United States on the Boxer Indemnity had been signed. Feeling the pressure, the Japanese decided to lower their chips again. They proposed that the evaluation committee could decide on the project, but China's compensation must be handed over to the Japanese Bank Group.  in the bank.

    It¡¯s another time to change the soup without changing the medicine!  The money is handed over and put in your hand. What difference does it make if you hold it in your neck at any time?  Therefore, Zhang Hanqing sternly pointed out that "Japan does not allow Chinese people to participate in its cultural undertakings in China. It is only designed for the interests of the Japanese empire and does not take into account the interests of the Chinese people themselves. This is clearly a precursor or subsidiary undertaking of Japan's colonial policy on mainland China."  !

    Afterwards, although he did not understand the seriousness of it, Zhang Zuolin still asked the negotiators to reject the Japanese proposal.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)The enterprise does not allow Chinese people to participate in their opinions. It is only for the interests of the Japanese Empire and does not take into account the interests of the Chinese people themselves. This is clearly a precursor or subsidiary enterprise of Japan's colonial policy on mainland China!"

    Afterwards, although he did not understand the seriousness of it, Zhang Zuolin still asked the negotiators to reject the Japanese proposal.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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