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Chapter 831 Civil and Military Ways

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    This coup exposed a number of discords buried within the People's Army in advance, and also made the competition for political power a big step in a direction more favorable to Zhang Hanqing.  After this battle, the unrest factors in the Lao-Feng clique were basically eliminated, and power became more concentrated in Zhang Hanqing's direction.

    In addition, a new round of revised congressional elections is also underway.  After playing with the rules, making sufficient preparations, and being unable to turn defeat into victory or suppress other political parties with an absolute lead when political affairs are in favor of the People's Party, it is a failure in itself.

    This situation has not occurred again.  In the Senate, where the People's Party itself has the upper hand, due to the involvement of Ningxia Provincial Chairman Ma Tingxiang in the rebellion, seven senators were affected and replaced with candidates recommended by the People's Party.

    This is the credit of the Ministry of National Security. As long as you are against the opposition or have any involvement, you will be censored - who makes your butt dirty?

    The House of Representatives has undergone a major reorganization. Representatives who originally occupied half of the country suddenly became "representatives of the House of Representatives" and were re-registered and elected to the list of members of the House of Representatives by their provinces, which is equivalent to starting over again.

    It¡¯s just that this time, the provincial councils reviewed the candidate lists very harshly. The grassroots election committees firmly understood the intentions of the People¡¯s Party committees at all levels and elected out some people who did not meet the requirements and did not agree with the People¡¯s Party | leadership.

    This work is actually the fermentation of the strong deployment made by Zhang Hanqing at the National Provincial Organizational Work Conference of the People¡¯s Party held after the introduction of the new election method of the Congress.  Within a month, good news came from various places. In this round of elections, the Kuomintang suffered a huge loss. Among a total of 966 House of Representatives candidates, it only received 125 votes, far behind the People's Party with 754 votes.

    Although it still ranks as the second largest party in Congress with 87 votes more than other parties combined, the People's Party overwhelmingly crushed all other factions.

    In the next election of the House of Representatives, the People's Party will be governed by accident, if it wants to do this.  With a parliamentary ratio of 78%, it can amend matters covering all bills, and the People's Party's position will be solid.

    The influential Zhili, Anhui, Shanxi, and Feng cliques that were active in the early years of the Republic of China were basically wiped out. On the contrary, Yu Yifan's "Chinese Women's Alliance" made another victory in this situation, increasing its number to 11  ticket, which is the alternative to the PPP in all electoral campaigns.

    These alone are not enough.  In the summary of what can be regarded as an "incident drill", Zhang Hanqing fully realized that he did not fully understand the significance of the existence of the Secretary of the Political and Legal Affairs Committee: he only focused on revising or preventing the judicial system from becoming a vassal of the Party, but fundamentally lost the Party's understanding of the judicial system.  The significance of practical guidance.  This is overkill.

    The judiciary is independent of the legislation and administration. It is only successful with the decision and full authorization of the People's Party. The People's Party should have sufficient means to avoid possible mistakes. As a member of the citizenry, party members who violate the law should be punished by justice.  sanctions.  But as a leading group, the People's Party cannot give up its natural leadership in this area.  The current Republic of China has been established as a system of separation of powers under the leadership of the People's Party |

    Therefore, Zhang Hanqing took the lead in establishing the position of Secretary of the Political and Legal Committee in the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Its main responsibility is not like the many concurrent posts of public security director or occasional court or procuratorate president in later generations, but is entirely a position within the party.  As the representative organization of the Party's management of the Armed Police Force, the Armed Police Force is jointly commanded by the local government and the superiors of the Armed Police Force.

    In this incident, the Secretary of the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee could not command the Provincial Armed Police Corps, which was one of the reasons why Zhang Hanqing ordered this change.

    Since the establishment of a provincial military region system has been planned, the secretary of the provincial party committee will naturally become the secretary of the provincial military region; the armed police force, which has a slightly weaker armed force and is mainly responsible for maintaining social stability, will have secretaries of political and legal committees at all levels serving as secretaries; its  Another responsibility is to supplement the Ministry of National Security, which is a state apparatus in addition to the military and is in charge of the domestic intelligence system.

    The security forces stationed in various places have all been reorganized and placed under the management of the provincial military regions. In order to emphasize the leadership of the party organization where the local garrison is located and reflect the political principle that the party leads everything, the first secretary of the provincial military region is concurrently served by the secretary of the provincial party committee to coordinate the military,  land relationship.  Similarly, the secretary of the municipal party committee concurrently serves as the first secretary of the military division, and the commanders of provincial and municipal military (sub) divisions are all members of the Standing Committee of the party committee at the same level.

    Provincial military regions are administratively managed by each military region, and their commanders are all major generals; local armies that manage directly administered provinces and geographically important provinces such as Xinjiang are called garrison areas, and their commanders are one level higher, and are lieutenant generals; in view of Beijing's special status, Beijing  The provincial garrison area was called the Beijing Garrison Area, and the original Beijing Garrison Area was renamed the Beijing Military Region.

    There have been major personnel changes in the Shenyang Military Region: Zhang Zuoxiang resigned from the post of commander of the Shenyang Military Region because he was unable to balance central and local work for a long time, and was replaced by Deputy Commander PeiXun Xun was promoted, and his position as commander of the Beidahuang Construction Corps was held by Du Jiwu.

    Wang Ruixue, commander of the 19th Army who closely followed Zhang Zuolin in this incident, also served as chief of staff; Zhao Zhixiang, the courageous commander of the 20th Army, was transferred to the position of director of the General Political Department of the Armed Police Force, which was regarded as a promotion, while Wang Yizhe was relieved of this part-time job;

    Zhang Jinghui¡¯s position as commander of the Mongolian Construction Corps was officially promoted by Wang Xianghua. As a rising star in the People¡¯s Army, Wang Xianghua still serves as the commander of the 16th Army, which can be said to be full of stamina.  His position as director of the Political Department of the Corps was replaced by Liu Qiangdong.

    The commander of the Xinjiang Construction Corps was promoted from Niu Yuanfeng.  In Zhang Hanqing's future plan, the commanders of each construction corps will be the natural new deputy commanders of the military regions in which they are located to increase their influence in the military.

    This incident also has a good performance, that is, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission can control the overall situation of the country well, showing a strong ability to control the country, thus making it possible for civilians to govern the country.

    ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? The one with the gun is the grass-head king, and the Feng clan also gains territory from the battlefield.  After the country was unified, these military generals had the final say on national affairs.

    Governing a country is different from fighting a war. Masculine soldiers have instinctive flaws for soft politics. Otherwise, why would there be a saying since ancient times that "you can conquer the world immediately, but you cannot rule the world immediately".  In later generations, governing the country by civilians was seen as a symbol of dishonesty, while military intervention in politics was a setback in political development.

    Clausewitz's "On War" writes very clearly: War is the continuation of politics.  In other words, war itself is an extreme political method. Therefore, whether to launch a war, when and where to launch a war, and what purpose the war is to achieve should be decided by politicians and civilian officials. What soldiers need to think about is how  achieve these strategic goals.

    The value of soldiers can only be reflected in war. Soldiers' military exploits and status in the military are gained from victory after victory, so they have an instinctive interest in war. In national affairs or international disputes, more  The earth will proceed with a once and for all war.

    Therefore, it is difficult for the military government to get rid of the temptation to launch war, and it will have a relatively obvious tendency of militarism.  As the saying goes, "civilians should step aside and soldiers should act recklessly." Japanese militarism is an example.

    In this way, the country will be reduced to a war machine, with no room for reconciliation.  Historically, military uniforms have overshadowed suits and have been the source of chaos in the country.

    It can be seen from the positions of China's national leadership in later generations that the voice of people with military backgrounds in national affairs is weakening rather than increasing: whether it is the number of members of the Politburo or the list of members of the Politburo | Standing Committee, you can see  to this trend.

    But the fact that the military has withdrawn from national affairs does not mean that it does not attach importance to its development. This must be viewed in two parts.  Later China's concept of military management was based on the need for soldiers to obey political needs, but it did not weaken its power.  This can be seen from the fact that military spending began to increase when economic construction developed to a certain extent.

    Will this result in a weak Song Dynasty and a weak Ming Dynasty, like the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty in history, which "emphasized culture over military affairs" and "used culture to control military affairs"?  First of all, it is necessary to explain that the Ming Dynasty was not a weak Ming Dynasty. Even in the last days, there were still many brave generals and capable soldiers. It was just a coincidence that caused embarrassing regression. Nurhachi was also tortured by Li Chengliang in his early years.

    The military defeat of the Ming Dynasty was actually surprisingly similar to that of the Song Dynasty: infantry versus cavalry, and transportation limited the scale of the war or determined the outcome of the war.

    Take the Song Dynasty as an example.  The military incompetence of the Song Dynasty was not simply a matter of "emphasis on literature," "civilian layman commanding connoisseurs," or "emperor shrinking eggs," and it was completely meaningless to clamor for iron-blooded martial arts.

    What does it mean to be weak?  The late Northern Song Dynasty in front of the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty in front of the Meng Yuan Dynasty were considered weak.  However, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was still the formidable enemy of the powerful Liao Kingdom. For example, the Military and Wei Chronicles of the "History of Liao" also said, "Although the Song Dynasty has lost geographical advantages for a long time, the old ambitions state that the only purpose of the army is to fight against the Song Dynasty."  The Song Dynasty was a life-and-death enemy to Xixia, and to the Tubo and Yellow-headed Uyghurs in the Qing and Tang Dynasties, they were giant beasts from ancient times.

    Upper decision decided by the economic background.  The internal root cause of the military shortcomings of the Song Dynasty lies in the fact that since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the domestic manor serfdom was replaced by the tenancy system, the decline of large real estates, the degree of land intensification was reduced, and it was difficult to develop animal husbandry on a large scale. Its decline led to the lack of animal power in the entire society, which in turn led to the country's  Logistics operations capabilities are weak during external operations.

    Domestic transportation has been greatly reduced, which has greatly weakened the country's control over the lower levels and its overall mobilization ability.  This was the reason why the Song Dynasty had to build forts and make shallow attacks in its war against Xixia, but was unable to carry out large-scale expeditions to plow the courtyard and sweep holes.

    Since the People's Army has established a large number of military academies, middle and high-level officers have a certain level of education, and the new generation has a tendency to catch up, so the traditional concept of "laymen leading experts" is no longer in line with its actual situation.

    When Zhang Hanqing established the Political Department, he did not replace the command authority of the headquarters over the army. It was precisely because of the "specialization in skills".  After all, fighting, being able to fight, and being able to win wars are the military's top priority.

    "However, we must prevent the military from overexpanding and impose necessary restraints. This is the responsibility of the Political Department.  "Follow the Party and win the war" is exactly the implementation of the military principle of "the Party commands the gun".

    Based on this idea, Zhang Hanqing began to launch a new round of reforms in the party, government, and military structures.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)The Ministry did not replace the command authority of the headquarters over the army. It was precisely because of the "specialization in the art".  After all, fighting, being able to fight, and being able to win wars are the military's top priority.

    "However, we must prevent the military from overexpanding and impose necessary restraints. This is the responsibility of the Political Department.  "Follow the Party and win the war" is exactly the implementation of the military principle of "the Party commands the gun".

    Based on this idea, Zhang Hanqing began to launch a new round of reforms in the party, government, and military structures.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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